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In females, the hair becomes thin all over without a receding hairline. A few people who have alopecia areata lose all the hair on their body. When this happens, the disease is called alopecia universalis. Millions of people develop these signs of hair loss, which tend to appear gradually. These signs can be subtle, so you may have hair loss for months or years before you notice it. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating the skin, hair, and nails.
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A healthcare provider will do a thorough examination and take a detailed history to understand changes in your hair growth. Your provider will also ask about what medications or supplements you currently take. A person should contact a doctor for a blood test to check whether they have a nutritional deficiency that could be causing their hair to fall out. It is natural for a certain amount of hair to shed every day.
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Hair, nails, and skin may become more brittle and break more easily. Both much or too little thyroid hormone can affect your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks hair follicles. It may affect up to nearly 7 million people in the United States and occurs in all genders, ages, and ethnicities.
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Androgenetic alopecia is also called female or male-pattern baldness. This is a common type of hair loss that causes hair to fall out in a well-defined pattern, often beginning above the temples. Men often experience thinning of the hair on the crown of their head, as well as a receding hairline, though some men will eventually go completely bald. Women often see their hair loss as a thinning of their part and don’t typically lose hair from their front hairline.
Telogen effluvium is temporary, but more hair will fall out while you have it. Stress, surgery, or even having a fever for a few days can bring on telogen effluvium, but your hair will probably be back to normal within six months. Hairs in the telogen phase are also called “club hairs.” During this phase, a hair strand will be at rest as it prepares to detach from your scalp. About 8 to 9 percent of your hair is in this phase at any given time. If you’re experiencing hair loss that’s unusual for you, including bald spots, patchiness, and clumps of hair falling out, you should see your primary care physician or dermatologist.
Things that interfere with the growth cycle -- like medications, illnesses, infections, or chemicals -- have the potential to stop hair from being formed the right way. Beyond that, age, hormones, stress, and even the way you style your hair can lead to hair loss. Female hair loss happens when a woman, or anyone who was identified as female at birth, loses more hair than normal. About half of all women will have hair loss at some point in life. Most start to notice it in their 50s or 60s, but it can happen at any age and for a variety of reasons.
Avoiding tight hairstyles will usually prevent further damage. If a person has anagen effluvium due to undergoing chemotherapy, cooling the scalp during the procedure may help. Hair will often grow back within 3–6 months after stopping chemotherapy. Telogen effluvium is a condition in which the hair remains in the telogen phase of the cycle.
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Alopecia areata
Anagen effluvium is an abnormal and rapid loss of hair during the first phase of the hair growth cycle. This type of hair loss happens because of medical treatments or exposure to toxic chemicals. Cancer treatments often cause anagen effluvium, but hair usually grows back after exposure to the medication ends. Anagen effluvium is just as likely to happen to women and men exposed to a medication or toxin that causes hair loss.
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Iron deficiency anemia causes extreme fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. You may have difficulty concentrating and also notice headaches, or cold hands and feet. Your hair may also start to thin and fall out, Dr. Goldenberg says.
Research has tied hair loss to lower self-esteem, body image issues, and increased anxiety. The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology recommends assessing for anxiety and stress when diagnosing hair loss. When you think of hair loss, you may think of the genetic factors, such as male pattern baldness. Hormones, thyroid problems, and other diseases can all cause hair loss too. You can lose hair due to factors like nutritional deficiencies and stress. Hair loss can also occur as a medication side effect or if you have underlying health conditions, such as lupus.
Radiation therapy can also cause hair loss by damaging the hair follicles. The radiation dose can determine how much hair is lost or how permanent the hair loss is. Hair usually begins to grow back a few months after treatment. Female pattern baldness often results in thinning all over the scalp and might look like widening or thinning around the part. It typically occurs after age 65 but, for some females, it can begin early in their lives.